Standard Organizations

Standard Organizations Standards are developed mainly by 3 entities:    Standard Creation Committees    Forums    Regulatory Agencies ™   Standard Creation Committees They are Procedural Bodies and they are so slow moving and cannot co-op with the fast growing communication industry.    ISO    International Standard's Organization    Voluntary Organization    Created in 1947    Members are from Standard Creation Committees of different countries    Includes representatives from 82 countries    Open System Interconnection (OSI) Model    ITU-T    By  1970s  a  lot  of  countries  were  defining  standards  but  there  was  no International compatibility    United Nations made as a part of their ITU    Consultative   Committee   for   International   Telegraphy   and   Telephony (CCITT)    IN 1993 , ITU-Telecomm Standards Sector    Important ITU-T Standards    V Series (V32, V33, V42, Define Data Transmission over phone lines    X   Series(X.25,   400,   500):   Define   Transmission   over   Public   Digital Network    ISDN: Integrated Services Digital Network    The American National Standard Institute (ANSI)    Private-Non Profit Cooperation not affiliated  with US Government    Members  include  professional  societies,  industrial  associations,  govt.  and regulatory bodies    Submits proposal to ITU-T and is a voting member for USA in ISO    The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)    Largest professional engineering society in the world    Also   oversees   the   development   of   Telecommunication   and   Wireless International                               Standards    Special  committee  for  LANS  out  of  which  emerged  Project  802  (802.3,802.4, 802.5) ™   Forums Special  Interest  Groups  with  representatives  from  interested  corporations  they facilitate  and  fasten  standardization  process  by  working  with  universities,  and users to test, evaluate and standardize new technologies Each Forum Concentrate on a specific technology and present their conclusions to the standard bodies    Frame Relay Forum    ATM Forum    Internet Society & IETF ™   Regulatory Agencies All  communication  technology  is  subject  to  regulation  and  laws  by  government agencies. The purpose is to protect Public Interest by regulating Radio, Television and Cable Communications.        FCC Before we go into the details of how data are transmitted from one device to the other, it is important to understand: o    The relationship between communication devices. o    How the devices connect with each other in a System? o    How do they do the exchange of information?